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An agency shop is a form of union security agreement where the employer may hire union or non-union workers, and employees need not join the union in order to remain employed.〔Pynes, Joan. ''Human Resources Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations.'' 2d ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley and Sons, 2004. ISBN 0-7879-7078-6〕 However, the non-union worker must pay a fee to cover collective bargaining costs.〔 The fee paid by non-union members under the agency shop is known as the "agency fee."〔Guerin, Lisa and DelPo, Amy. ''The Manager's Legal Handbook.'' Rev. 4th ed. Berkeley, Calif.: Nolo, 2007. ISBN 1-4133-0718-3; 〕〔Mauer, Michael. ''The Union Member's Complete Guide: Everything You Want—and Need—to Know About Working Union.'' Annapolis, Md.: Union Communication Services, Inc., 2001. ISBN 0-9659486-1-7〕 Where the agency shop is illegal, as is common in labor law governing American public sector unions, a "fair share provision" may be agreed to by the union and the employer.〔〔 The provision requires non-union employees to pay a "fair share fee" to cover the costs of the union's collective bargaining activities. The "fair share" is similar to the agency shop, but usually more restrictive as to what may be charged to the non-member.〔〔 In Canada, the agency fee is usually known as the Rand formula.〔McMenemy, John. ''The Language of Canadian Politics: A Guide to Important Terms and Concepts.'' Rev. ed. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-88920-230-3〕 International Labour Organization covenants do not address the legality of agency fee provisions, leaving the question up to each individual nation.〔("Case(s) No(s). 188, Report No. 34 (Denmark): Complaints against the Government of Denmark presented by Swiss Printing Workers' Union and the Swiss Federation of National Christian Trade Unions." ) Document No. 031960034188. Cases of the Committee on Freedom of Association. International Labor Organization. March 4, 1959.〕 The legal status of agency shop agreements varies widely from country to country, ranging from bans on the agreement to extensive regulation of the agreement to not mentioning it at all. ==See also== *Closed shop *Open shop *Right-to-work law *Union shop 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Agency shop」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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